Consumer Behaviour Customers Loyalty in B2C Relationship

Question: Describe the Case Study for Consumer Behaviour of Customers Loyalty in B2C Relationship. Answer: Relevant theory underpinning organizational buying Organizational buying can be defined as the process which covers decision making. The formal organization is responsible for creating the need for the product or services. It includes the process of identifying, evaluating and selecting the from the different brands and suppliers. Organizational buyers can be defined as a limited number of customers for a limited number of products. Organisational buying behavior is generally in large numbers. The relationship is generally closed which is very much required. The demand is usually generated from the production and sales of buyers (Wang, 2014). There is also the risk of high demand fluctuation in which there is fluctuation in the purchase of a certain product from the organizational side. The buyers of organizational are mostly trained personnel. The purchase of the organization is also influenced by many persons. There is a lot of transition happening as the organizational buyer deal with manufacturers for bulk purchasing. There are different organizational buying situations. They are straight rebought, modified rebuy, new task by, and systems buy. In straight rebuy situation, there is only purchasing department which is involved. The purchasing department gets instructions from the inventory control department (Wang,2014). The order may be of reordering the material. The inventory control department also takes into consideration the quotations from different vendors which are approved. The suppliers who are approved has to make an effort for maintaining quality in their service, while the out suppliers try to make efforts in getting their name list in the approved list. To get on the approved list the supplier has to offer something which is new or innovative (Wang,2014). The risk of the buyer that the delivery charge is decided by the buyer. If any item is lost in the process of shipping, the shipping charge has to be refunded to the buyer by the seller. If an item is damaged in the process, then the only exchanged is available no refund is made. All payments must be done by PayPal account (Jang, 2012). All the items can cancel but before delivery, once the items are processed no cancellation is offered. Key factors that are likely to affect the organizational buying The key factor which is likely to affect the organizational buying from Zoro Stationery Limited is: External environmental factors The external environmental factor aspect affects all most every aspect of business. It also includes buying decisions. The money markets show fluctuations. There interest rates also have a major impact on the buying strategies (Jang,2012). If there is an increase in interest rate than it buying will be reduced by Zoro stationery limited. The changes in the law of corporate will also affect the buying from Zoro Stationery limited. The regulatory changes which are related to the stationery industry can affect the Zoro stationery limited. Political environment Any change in the government policy will affect directly to the organizational buying patterns (Carrington,2010). Social environment Society and culture are ever changing. Each organization has to change in order to meet up the changes in the society. For example, there is an increase in a number of the customer using a colored pen than the stationary store has to increase the production of stationary. Competition In todays world, one has to stand oddly to get success. So if the competitor of Zoro stationary comes with the new product, then it also has to come out with a different product. So it is necessary for Zoro stationary to follow the trends (Carrington, 2010). There is also another factor which affects the buying pattern; they are organization's mission, its structure, its policies and procedures, technology level, and human resource skills. Reducing the potential risks associated with him (as a new staff member) selling to important customers Zains line manager bust has assisted him in reducing potential risk by the following strategy: It should offer in-house training to sell the product to the most important customer. The focus should be on the job training which can cover the critical needs of the employer. The needed information should be provided to the new employee. Preferred methods of the organization should be learning to the Zain as he was new to the field. The detail of customer should be given to him completely (Carrington, 2010). What the customer is buying from the last few years also should be given to him. The details of a variety of product what the company is offering should be given in depth to the Zain. Also, a small test on the name of the product, its description, and its benefit should be taken by line manager to check the knowledge of Zain. Zain should also update with the new product of the company. Thus, in this way potential risk can be avoided enough the staff is new and the customer is important. Typical organizational buying and why it is different from the process of consumer buying. Both organizations as well as consumer buying need to buy products to meet their daily requirements. There are several differences between organisational buying and consumer buying, where organizations buy the products to meet their organisational objectives. These objectives can be cost reduction, meeting employee needs, profit maximization etc. Most of the purchases made by an organization plan in advance where it is an impulse in consumer buying (Bunn et al. 2001). Organizations are more rational during their purchase, wherein the individual buying process it is more spontaneous and to their own satisfaction. For example an organization will plan the employee lunch, they will choose the menu and then order it while in the consumers decision, it will be decided just minutes ago about where to go for a lunch break. And from the previous experiences of Zain he never had confronted the organizational buying, but he was more into selling products to the clients directly and thus he was surprised when at his first meeting. There are a number of people involved in purchasing of product and there will be a wide range of influence in decision making in the organizational buying, wherein the consumer buying the extent of participation from people will be very less (Cova and Elliott, 2008). The Car manufacturer is a formal type of organizational buying which can be stationery requirements established by the organization, where it will be more informal in the case of consumer buying. As there were four buyers buying stationery for various divisions within the company, volume of buying differs in organizational buying and consumer buying which might have surprised Zain during the meeting. Typical DMU (Decision Making Unit) for organizational buying may operate as a car manufacturer If we try to see it from a literature point of view, then the whole team making the decisions and negotiation of products is known as the decision making unit. There are in total six roles in the decision making process, namely, Users are the people who are actually going to work with the purchased products and will influence on the specifications (Hilton and Jones, 2010). The next comes is the influences which exert influence on the purchasing process by laying down the preconditions and these people are found at every level of the organization. The next will be the buyer who will actually negotiate with the suppliers and places the order and they play one of the great roles in the decision making unit. Initiators are the people who recognize the problem and bring the solution for it. Deciders are the people who choose the suppliers and due to that they take up a great position in the decision making unit. The last comes on board will be the gatekeepers who are responsible for information provided to the decision making unit and thus by providing the appropriate information this person can influence the decision making strongly. For example Toyota Motor Corporations structure is based on various operations around the world. Toyota has a divisional organizational structure which went to change because they had a strong centralized global hierarchy, where all the decision were taken from the HQ in Japan and the individual business units do not communicate with each other (Sen et al. 2008). This organizational structure comprised of chairman, President and Executive vice president in charge of Human resource majorly. This structure of decision making was criticized for slow decision making and three outside board of directors was added to the decision making panel to reflect their opinion in managements decision making. These boards of member advice the management in decision making on the basis of their experiences and expertise. Thus, Toyota has built a very diverse structure with the right person for the right position. Selling to an organizational DMU may differ from Zains previous experience of selling retail good There is a difference between selling to an organizational DMU and Zain never had an experience as such. Zain confronted consumers/public where there is a simple language used to reach a consumer while in organizational selling the organization can make use of jargon. Zain majorly confronted people where their choices are emotionally triggered while in organizational selling they seek for efficiency and expertise. The consumer buying which Zain had an experience, the customers there are happy with their purchase and it is individual relation wherein an organization it a team that needs to be look upon and making them thankful for their excellent decision (Fawzy and Samra, 2008). Zain was surprised at the first meeting because there was sales and marketing team to cater the organization while a media advertisement or a recommendation from a friend can work in consumer buying. Lengthy contents works for organizational selling as they need to prove their worth and reason for the organization to buy from them, while consumers prefers it to be short and lower priced as far as their needs are fulfilled. Zain would or would not have thought of building a close relationship with the consumer while selling the products to them, but in case of organizational selling it is must to build a strong relationship and following the brand to generate more profit. There is a long chain of approving purchases in an organization which Zain was confused with while in an individual buying the person makes his/her own speedy purchase decision with a little recommendation or suggestions from other. Initial perception reflecting on Zains experience Buying behavior has a lot many factors that need to be analysed accordingly and helps to understand the concept of purchase and decision making by consumers. Initial perception matters when a buyer is well known about the product or has a satisfactory result for the products. There are some changes that need to be addressed and an organization need to achieve those targets accordingly. This states that initial perception is the main period that the customer thinks about the purchase and examines the features of the product. The case study here reveals a different truth with some statements that need to be analysed by the company and make sure that the customers are satisfied with the products and the service they get as a long term decision making process (Bagherzad et al. 2011). Surprising stimuli are seen over and there are perceptions that need to be categorized with the instinct and the knowledge of the product that is gaining accordingly. There is some cumulative impact that needs to be altered and examined with the purchasing behavior. Zains experience In second week when Zain had a visit to the customer of Zoro stationery in an educational unit. The appointments were previously fixed and Zain visited to introspect about the customers who made a difference with the expectations. The stationery and office equipment buyers had many years of experience, so they expected a good understanding that revealed the situation of the company. This seems that the company had a larger view regarding the sales personnel who used to come over to visit them and know their expectations (Khan, 2012). The customer had actually a very high expectation, therefore he had an urge to ask about the product of the company where he could verify the difference in approach and the new features of the new product by Zoro stationery. The customer then questioned Zain about the products and the office document shredders, the customer had a large requirement of the product so it was obvious at this stage to question. At the same time, there was a silence that murmu red between them about lack of knowledge of the product, Zain had no idea about the product and the features as he was new to the position of Account manager. There arises the conflicts and misunderstanding about the products initial perception. Consumer behavior is affected when a seller is not aware about the product and its uses. The detailed training was actually not received by Zain and this made, the situation is more cohesive. Initially, it is important for a seller or any personnel of the organization to be aware about the products and about its features, this is an initial perception that a consumer expects from a seller (Hassan, Hassan and Mabekoje, 2008). There lacks a purchasing advice by the seller and it does not any more motivate the consumer to purchase a product with the best quality, because as such customer service and customer behavior is an important matter that reflects the purchase decision. Initial perception for future growth and buyer seller relationship An experience matters when buyers are sure about the product and are satisfied about what the product offers them with the maximum satisfaction level at the best price. What matters even is the interpersonal skills and the interactions among the buyer and a seller. When there is an idea of selling, a seller needs to demonstrate about the product and should satisfy the customers according to the need of the customer (Chiou and Dronge, 2006). The relationship between the buyer and seller determines with an interaction and a communication level. This is true when a seller meets the demand of the buyer and interacts accordingly. It majorly replicates the service that he gets from the seller and the product specifications that are utmost necessary for consumer buying behavior. Introducing the toner to the customers Zoro has been providing a renowned designer and manufacturer Cranes with the stationery products and equipments required by the company since last many years. Also Crane is the huge contributor for Zoro as it brought immense business for Zoro being in the list of one of the four major business clients of Zoro. It has been witnessed that this company is a very special and important client for the company which needs to be handled with delicacy and effectiveness (Wang et al. 2012). Zain is new to the stationery company Zoro. Although Zain did go through intense training sessions for understanding the working culture and clients of the company, still Zain lacked me getting the training with dealing with the huge clients of the company. Zain would have understood the details regarding the clients of the company. Zain could have adopted a proper framework to understand, analyze and identify the needs and requirements of the clients and promoting its new products to the clients (Wixom and Watson, 2001). It has been witnessed that the purchasing manager of Crane has never got informed about the new products in the catalogue of Zoro personally. The purchasing manager had no idea about the new high quality toner cartridges which were introduced by the company to the clients. Without having some detailed knowledge about the products it is neither appropriate for the seller to recommend the product to the purchaser nor is it possible for the purchaser to buy the product s without detailed information regarding the product (Bronner and Hoog, 2010). Zain must have used appropriate framework or methodology for introducing the new High quality toners to the purchase manager with a complete presentation which emphasized on the detailing of the product (Vries et al. 2012). First of all Zain must have taken a step to identify the methods and ways the company introduces the new products to the clients. Then Zain could have developed a presentation regarding the benefits and features of the products and highlighting the need and significance of the product for the clients company. Then Zain could have sent a mail or appointment request to the purchase manager informing him to showcase some beneficial product, in this case the High Quality Toner Cartridge (Bronner and Hoog, 2010). Once the purchase manager responded back Zain would have conducted a meeting where he could explain the significance of the product to the purchase manager. This way Zain could be more confident about the product and give enough information to the manager whil e the manager would get easily convinced by understanding the need, importance and usefulness of the product for his company (Wang et al. 2012). Transactional data for selling the products to customer It has been witnessed that Crane is a regular customer of Zoro. Thus, it is a very important client of the company (Esposito et al. 2010). For such long term and highly profitable customers, the company should have different strategies to increase and develop the business relations with the clients. To develop better relationships with the clients and sustain healthy relationships, Zoro must develop some extra strategies and methods to bring more business from the client (Liang and Turban, 2011). In this case, Zoro can use the transactional data to improve the business with Crane and can utilize the data to identify the business pattern of the company. The transactional data has a high importance for any company and thus the companies focus on maintaining and analyzing this data constantly for identifying the changes and pattern of the companys business methodology (Bronner and Hoog, 2010). The transactional data emphasize on various aspects such as the financial information of the company, the product list the company purchases, the budget of the company for stationery expenses, the frequency of business with the company, etc. This would give huge information and would help the company to develop the strategies for expanding its business with the company (Vries et al. 2012). For selling the High Quality Toner Cartridge for Crane, the company must first analyse the product details. The details like the need and requirement of the product, its efficiency, its prices, the quantity needed, etc. Also the transactional data of the company like the number of products crane purchases from Zoro, the prices it spends, the products it requires etc (Liang and Turban, 2011). By analysing these details a comparison should be made that does the requirement of Crane could get satisfied with the new product launched by Zoro? Can the company sell the product to Crane in the desired and placed costs and prices? What would be the quantity of the products that would be required by the company? Answers to this question can be obtained while analyzing the transactional data (Chwelos et al. 2001). By the proper analysis of this data, a strategy can develop and can be represented in the company in a convincing manner to Crane due to which the company would get interested in deal ing with the company. The Proper presentation with some aspects in favor with both the companies would help in getting the company convinced and having a successful business relation with each other (Chen et al. 2011). Building Customer Loyalty Acquisition of a new customer is far more costly than retaining the existing customer. A major portion of the income is derived from the existing customers. Statistics ponder that maintaining organization must work on customer satisfaction and customer loyally along with an increase in sales and other marketing strategies (ZikienÄ—, 2010). Customer loyalty is an ongoing process to develop an emotional bonding between customers and the organization. It facilitates in retaining the existing customer base and attracts new customers.A variety of factors affect the customer loyalty such as monopoly product, good after sale services, cost of the product, psychological attachment, satisfaction with the product. Retention of customer is utmost important for any business to survive. Good quality products and on time service are the major factors for building trust and loyalty in customers. An incentive offer or bonus refers to the existing customers shall make them happy and loyal to the business. However a regular meeting to reach up to their expectations, do more business and acquire more customers would be beneficial for an organization (Yim et al. 2008). Customer loyalty retains with the organization and also generate a regular major income portion for the organization. Repeat business is a win-win situation for the organization. Improving customer relationship develops a brand name. It enhances the brand value. Apple is a far-fetched example of customer loyalty. True advocates of the product inspire confidence in others. If they love it, so will I. Hence develops sales and business success. A balance of retaining existing customers and attracting new ones is must. Customer loyalty is all about building relations and engagement. The more you exhibit positive connections the more loyal your customers become (ZikienÄ—, 2010). Its our responsibility to treat them well as they decide about our business, whether to come back to us or recommend us. The power of mouth publicity is quite instrumental in spreading the word and making brand ambassadors. A positive experience leads to more referrals. It influences for the repeat business. Also explore new range of products offered by us. Amway products are a live example for it. Such factors affect the organizational buying as it includes trained professionals in the decision making. They are influenced by numerous environmental and organizational factors. Individual relationship and positive engagement, create long term benefits for both the parties. Hence Zain Sadiq should consider the above said factors for developing the customer loyalty as the leading motorbike company is an organizational buyer over ten years and retention of the existing customer is far better than acquiring new customers. Maintaining Long-term Relationship An advise to Zain is to develop long-term customer relationships by being honest and best with its quality of the product. The key to success is building engagements beyond one-time projects and then maintain these valuable clients on consistent and on-going basis.There is no such thing as over-communication. So Zian should keep his customers informed on a regular basis about all the goods and services he can provide (Yim et al. 2008). Make the key customers his top priority and add value to their business. Support them in every possible way to entrust their faith in the belief in our organization. Always being resourceful is an added feather. The more value we provide, more they become dependent on us (Yim et al. 2008). So Zain can share information from time to time and also refrain from unnecessary offers which wont interest them (Madhurima, 2014). Honesty builds trust and loyalty. So being honest in the dealings would result in long term relationships and hence it would build a reputation of integrity. So being honest in all the business matters is a most important feature to cultivate. Meeting the deadlines is ground principle for any business to survive. Committing to a deadline means a relief from the worry for clients for its needs and requirements. Therefore, break from worry boosts confidence in clients to rely on us rather than seeing alternatives. The loyal customers should be kept happy for ensuring on-going relationship. Zain can also offer preferential benefits to its loyal customers and honor them for their trust in him. Rewards such as individual or business exclusive discounts, special varied products only for them, rewards programs, etc can be initiated to maintain the existing customers (Lee et al. 2009). Maintaining quality standards and providing best services is the key to any business to survive. Improving brand image, being eminent amongst competitors, reducing market cost an also benefit Zian to develop long-term engagements and also have a strong relationship. Providing high quality toner cartridges at a convenient cost would enhance its sales. After sale services of cleaning, re-filling the ink cartridges, benefitting them with the cost of such toner compared to other suppliers, offering special discounts for bulk purchase, rewarding for their loyalty of giving business since last ten years, aiding with innovative products to support the clients business would definitely help Zian to develop a strong customer base and also retain it. References Bagherzad, A, Chavosh, A. and Hosseinikhah, S. (2011). The Influence of Relationship Marketing Tactics on Customers Loyalty in B2C Relationship The Role of Communication and Personalization, European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 5(31), 49-56. Bronner, F. and de Hoog, R. (2010). Consumer-generated versus marketer-generated websites in pages: an investigation of the effects of social media marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26, 2, pp. 83-91. Bunn, M. D., Butaney, G. T., Nicole P., and Hoffman, N. P. (2001). An empirical model of professional buyers' search effort. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 8(4), 55-84. Carrington, M.J., B.A. Neville, and G.J. Whitwell,(2010), Why Ethical Consumers Don't Walk Their Talk: Towards a Framework for Understanding the Gap Between the Ethical Purchase Intentions and Actual Buying Behaviour of Ethically Minded Consumers, Journal of Business Ethics, 2010. 97(1): p. 139-158. Chen, J., Xu, H. 8c Whinston, A.B. (2011). Moderated online communities and quality of adoption model. Information Systems Research, 12, 3, pp. 304-321. Chiou, JS and Dronge, C. (2006). Service Quality, Trust, Specific Asset Investment and Expertise, Direct and Indirect Effects in a Satisfaction-Loyalty Framework, Academy of Marketing Science, 34(16), 613-627. Chwelos, R, Benbasat, I. 8c Dexter, A.S. (2001) Research report: empirical test of an EDI consumer decision making. International Journal o f Market Research, 52, 2, p. 231 Cova, B., and Elliott, R. (2008). 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The study of the relationships among experiential marketing, service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The International Journal of Organizational Innovation. 26, 4, pp. 198-208. Liang, T.-P. and Turban, E. (2011) Introduction to the special issue social commerce: a research Madhurima D., (2014). A study on the factors governing retailercustomer long-term relationship. International Journal of Commerce and Management 24:3, 257-272. Sen, S., Basligil., H., Sen., C. G., and Baracli, H. (2008). A framework for defining both qualitative and quantitative supplier selection criteria considering the buyer-supplier integration strategies. International Journal of Production Research, 46(1),1825-1845. Squares. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. Steinhart, Y., Ayalon, O. and Puterman, H. (2013), The effect of an environmental claim on consumers' perceptions about luxury and utilitarian products, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013. 53(0): p. 277-286.(Gajjar,2013) Wang, P., Q. 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Wildlife in Kashmir free essay sample

The highest, youngest largest chain of mountains in the world, the Himalayan range is one of the most fascinating and spectacular natrual wonders on earth.It is more than that : it is one of the richest store of animal life.For instance,it is remarkable that almost one third of the worlds mammalian species that may be called true mountain animals are native to these mountains. Jammu and kasmir with its variety of geographical regions, climates and vegetation has many delights to offer the wildlife enthusiast. Perphas no animal better epitomises the character and concerns of the mountain environment than the snow leopard, a beautiful and elusive survivor from the frigid Pleistocene era. Though its range is immense, extending over the entire Himalayan range, it is most advantageously sought in jammu and kashmir especially in the high ranges. Another rare animal is the hangul or Kashmir stag,one of the most endangered species of red deer in the world. An enigmatic mammal is the bharal;the controversy over whether it is a shep or a goat is not yet settled.Many unique species of antelope,goat and sheep are found in the state. In winter high-altitude bird species move to the lower valleys and into the tourists purview.Cinnamon sparrows,the black and yellow grosbeak,black bulbuls and monal pheasants(the male splendidly coloured) may be seen now.At this time,too large troops of the impressive Himalayan gray langur visit for the duration. But nothing strikes the eye and imagination so much as in spring and summer,when the long foothills and deep valleys awake to life.Now also awakes the imposing Himalayan black bear and as the winter avifauna return to higher quarters the birds of the summer return.Among these is the lovely golden oriole.The langurs and hangful,too make thier way to higher valleys that are not however inaccessible. Though wildlife conservation in Ladakh began fairly recently,there is much here that is not found in the lower ranges.Ladakhs ecosystem,lying at the confluence of three zoogeographic zones, is fascinating and uniquely varied.A dozen important mammals and over 100 species of birds make their home in this rugged terain most of them,though endangered or rare. The wild yak is native only to this area. Other animals  include the ibex, blue sheep, bharal, docile marmot and mouse hare.The snow leopard roams here too;so does the wild horse and the rare musk deer inhabits lower altitudes.Unfortunately some species are still outside the tourists domain. Jammu and the Kashmir valley, however have led wildlife conservation efforts.Several National Parks and Sanctuaries have been established in the state Natural impressions of Dal Lake Dal Lake much visited and less understood provides us with classic example of how little we appreciate the good things provided to us by Nature. This once pure lake could turn into a polluted pond , if we unthinkingly allow soil erosion and untreated effluents to damage it. Thousands of residents of Srinagar and millions of tourists are depandent upon the lake either for livelihood or for enjoyment. The lake of course is popular for its Houseboats ,Shikaras and promenades and it is undoubtedly a bird watchers paradise.. Slowly as the Shikara passes through the channels in Srinagar the houseboats pass by which are handled by even the children with great dexterity. The birds in this lake are very approachable. The kingfishers sit on the tops of houseboats nonchalantly almost within the touching distance of humans who seem to be equally unmindful of the birds. The kingfishers apparently use walls, steps and piles as fixed perches from which they directly dive into water to catch little fish.In Europe these birds are very elusive but in the happy valley of Kashmir they fear no danger from humans. Man and Nature seem to exist happly together in the Valley. Sitting on low boats i.e. Shikaras we can manoeuvre close to waders,raptors and divers. While giding on Shikara we can often observe white breastedKingfishers(Halycon smyrnensis), large striking birds with robust bills perched on the branches of willow trees. These birds concentrate their efforts to hunting on the floating Gardens. These man made islands comprise of reeds, willow rods, aquatic vegetations and and held together with humus consisting of mud from the lake bottom. This is extremely fertile and provide rich source of food in the form of frogs,lizards,mice, grasshoppers and other insects to the Kingfisher. Now as we move further to the calm waters of Anchar Lake we are in a totally different world, there is no crowd of boats, no motor boat engines to be heard and the mood is different altogether. Just a few meters ahead there is a little bitternunmindful of  the boat traffics. It stands motionless in the reeds waiting for frogs and other insects for its feed like a heron. This is a very shy bird and will vanish at the slightest difference. However it is accustomed to moving water traffic and is not bothered by it. However if a boats stops it gets alarmed. There are open lotus flowers around which the bees are humming collecting honey. Wagtails active and eager can be seen dashing from leaf to leaf sometimes leaping into air to catch that elusive creature for its morsel. The dipping motion of their longtails and their undulating flight is fascinating to watch. Kingfishers keep on diving into the lake and emerge successful sometimes dripping with droplets with litlle fish intheir beak. A small swimming bird much smaller than a duck is also seen and is known as grebe(podipus ruficollis). It dips at one place and emerges some meters away. The little grebe is fairly common in the vale. Common Pariah Kites (Milvus Migrans) are frequently seen soaring above the area. Near the Dal they perch on pillars looking for dead fish and other rubbish. They arescavenger birds and help clean the area. It is not necessary to have any special knowledge or equipment to enjoy birdwatching in and around the Dal Lake. An ordinary ride on a Shikara can provide an obervant mind with wonderful insights into the bird behaviour. All that is needed is love of nature, keen-eye lots of patience and appreciation

Bigotry, Sterotypes, and Closed Minded Purists. essays

Bigotry, Sterotypes, and Closed Minded Purists. essays Bigotry, Stereotypes, and Closed Minded Purists: In the United States, forty-five percent of parents say that they would prefer that their children would not date someone outside of their race. Another survey states that twenty percent of parents would not permit their child to date outside of their religion. When dealing with the issue of their childs dating life, this would leave a combined amount of thirty-five percent of parents unbiased to race or religion. Being from the African and Caucasian decent, as well as a member of the Methodist religion, I have come across bigots, stereotypes, and close-minded purists. The current bigotry that I have dealt and am still dealing with is the worst. In the beginning of my current relationship it had come to my attention that when going out with my girlfriend, I always had to meet her and her friends at a certain location. I had never picked her up at her house, met her parents, nor any other family member. When this matter was mentioned, she revealed that her father did not approve of interracial relationships. Her father had grown up where he was not exposed to black people. He had automatically placed this label of no interracial dating upon his daughter due to the stereotypes placed on black men in society. The common stereotype that is placed upon black males is that they do not treat women with respect. This being the downfall of many of my relationships. For privacy rights we will call this girl Mary. While Mary and myself were dating we had made arrangements to meet at the movies. While meeting her there, her father greeted me with a firm handshake and said, If you are like all those other black guys who just go out with girls to get them pregnant and leave them, then I want you to have nothing to do with my daughter. That was the first and last time I ever met her father. ...

Critical analysis of a broadsheet newspaper Essay Example

Critical analysis of a broadsheet newspaper Essay Example Critical analysis of a broadsheet newspaper Paper Critical analysis of a broadsheet newspaper Paper My newspaper is a broadsheet, whose main purpose is to inform, state the facts about what is going on in the world around us. It is to have an unbiased view, telling the news as it is, how it is, without distorting the truth. It is to remain as factual, formal and serious as is possible, while keeping it simplistic enough to reach a wider audience, with short simple facts about the situation. But crams in enough information in such a way to meet the needs of a more intellectual people. I have intended to target an audience of the general public. However I feel the broadsheet will appeal to a group mostly consisting of adults, who dont want the latest gossip and rumours on celebrities. The language I have used is very emotive, One day, Sydney Bristow, Mathew Bristows 3-year-old daughter, will understand the full implications of yesterday, when her Father was murdered just a mile from her home in Stanton Island. Unfortunately this article is indeed very emotive, and ideally would not be, to remain constant with the style of the paper. However it is hard not to be biased against the offender, and not to feel pity for the fatherless little girl, in an appalling crime such as this. Trying to make the paper unbiased is therefore unrealistic, and should not of been the style of the articles in the newspaper. Bias is clearly shown against Ray Spielman describing this act as one of Rays usual past times. This bias is justified because I want society to stamp down on men like that. Readers are led to believe that Ray Spielman is simply a cold hearted killer. However, his side of the story has not been uncovered, as he as not been able to contact and would probably unwilling to participate in an interview. One of the most influential presentational devices is the masthead, as this is the first thing the reader sees, and is also used to identify a newspaper. Taking this into account I have made the masthead with a bigger font, making it easier to see. I came up with the masthead The Daily Chronicle for my newspaper for various reasons. The phrase The Daily Chronicle means that it is a journal that logs events daily, making it perfect for its use as a masthead, as it sums up the contents of the newspaper. The word Chronicle in my opinion, has a futuristic quality to it. This quality is convenient for me as it symbolizes, that the news reported, can have an effect on the future. The masthead is written using an old calligraphic font, to make it seem established along time ago, so that it appears to be reliable. The title Ruthless Murderer Escapes is very striking as the words Murderer and Ruthless have powerful and staggering effects on the reader. However these effects could have been intensified if alliteration and puns were utilised in the title. The paragraphs of my paper were present to ensure that my newspaper was reader friendly and a new paragraph was started every time a new point was being discussed. Ideally, I would have put more than three columns on my newspaper like broadsheets do, but I was limited in space because I was using only A4 paper. A jump line was actually not needed as my newspaper only consisted of two pages. It was used solely as a presentational attempt to make the paper look authentic. A real newspaper would have a jump line, to direct readers, to a subsequent page of the newspaper, where the rest of the article is displayed. This would help separate articles from other articles, save time and avoid confusion that could lead to frustration on behalf of the reader. All of my pictures are in colour to make them eye-catching. The main picture on the front-page would not usually be put on a broadsheet, in the interest of its readers, because of its violent and explicit nature. However tabloids use such tactics, by putting shocking pictures of murders or a half naked celebrity to pull attention and boost sales, precisely the job of the provocative page 3 girls in the Sun. I wanted the picture to have the same appeal to readers, and boost sales. My attempt to make the article as factual as possible was a success, as I included some statistics, The damage caused by him in the last year alone has summed up to a total of at least i 4,000,000 which may have alarmed readers. The start of the article was also very factual, Ray Spielman, a convict aged 27, has escaped while he was being transferred to Staunton Maximum Security Prison yesterday, at about 9:45pm.

Reflection on Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reflection on Ethics - Essay Example This automatically creates an ethical dilemma: if Mark does not buy his girlfriend a present, she will be disappointed in him. On the other hand, if he buys, she will be happy but not for long as she might learn about the incident and rebuke him. Mark will also live in guilt and at its worst; it might metamorphose to a nasty police case. In the health sector, there are ethical problems. Everyone knows the problems that arise with medical techniques such as artificial insemination, organ transplants, plastic surgeries and other techniques. In most cases, when faced by moral dilemmas, people may apply existing guidelines, for instance those passed by an ethics committee, an existing statement of policy or â€Å"common sense," â€Å"rules of behavior† or mostly â€Å"the way things are done† (Leer 206). What we apply to solve ethical dilemmas is not considered in many cases, what matters are the paths which we will take to solve those problems. More often than not, our environment plays a major role on our standards. This environment includes our families, culture and our own internal reflection. Culture comprises of religion, customs, etc. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions of morality. This branch has instinctively played a major role in our decisions. Based on the philosophy, there are models of moral theories which exist. However, moral theories such as the right theory (moral rights), utilitarianism and theory of justice are of more influence on our lives. The right theory considers the respect to be accorded to every individual member of the society as well as their fundamental and basic rights. However, critics of this theory say that it does not take responsibility of the costs and benefits of getting respect for another’s right. Hence, most people tend to say that â€Å"your rights end where mine begin." This loophole does not make this theory very appealing. The individuals who subscribe to the theory of justice as their moral

Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Knowledge - Essay Example As one of those perennial topics, a team of philosophers decided to name the study of knowledge an epistemology. The word epistemology comes from two Greek words episteme (episthmh) meaning knowledge and logos (logo V) meaning reason. Others, philosophers nowadays would assign this subject as of fundamental importance; however, the subject about knowledge remains an essential part of philosophy (1997). Knowledge started way back, during the civilization period. By civilization, I refer to the many centuries back where humans managed the environmental change. For example there was the Egyptians in Mesopotamia, who discovered that with the possession of water(Nile) and their very fertile land, they could actually practiced farming and feed themselves and as well as making a living. From that, it is clear that knowledge infact is a tool to the ‘subject’ of change as opposed to the ‘object’ of change. You will notice that as time passed, the Egyptians transforme d from farming to other form of activities such as architecture, pottery, animal domestication, writing and so on. The ancient humans continued to discover rapidly other fronts after the set up of infrastructure which was brought about by the early activities. People did not stop discovering new ways of living despite the hardships, from architecture and agriculture to religion and politics, animal domestication to economic set-up. There are two types of knowledge; Knowledge by Representation and Knowledge by Acquaintance. Knowledge by Representation basically refers to the way in which a human being expresses himself. This is normally done through aspects of communication like language speaking or gestures. Through representation, knowledge is fundamentally used as a surrogate. This is for example when someone finds an entity to determine the consequences of something by just thinking about it unlike acting on it. It is more of a belief condition. You will find out that, a person c an claim to be rich one day but he does not even have a job yet being unemployed cannot stop him from proclaiming those words. In other words, on the subject of knowledge, dreams are part of representation. So many people out there would want to have something, some other want it so badly that they go to an extent of making it aloud. This is referred as belief. Regardless of the many difficulties experienced, you will get a person still having the same beliefs in making it in life. Off course everybody wants the best and will do anything to get there. This shows that regardless of the much opposition one might face, he or she continues to have a belief that he will make it. Knowledge by Acquaintance can be described as a direct relation without interference between a person and an existing thing. This is referred to as justification. For example, a person may be acquainted with a color or the texture of a table before him but this does not stop him or her from eating or leaning on i t. This shows that human beings can be acquainted with something immediately without even knowing the real truth behind it. We must concede that words can have different meanings, and that each of the different meanings may be legitimate. For example, one might say, â€Å"It is better to be red than dead.† Here, â€Å"red† obviously does not refer to a particular color in a scheme of colors, but is intended to convey notions of communism (1955).It would be improper to say that â€Å"red† cannot be used in such a way. Faith provides for a strong belief in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual belief rather than proof. This then leads to our next question as to whether we should continue inventing new knowledge or we

The Film Industry Of Bollywood Cultural Studies Essay

The Film Industry Of Bollywood Cultural Studies Essay Bollywood, the second largest film industry is widely known for its form of creative art. It is a form of art with the ability to entertain, educate, and reflect and shape our sense of who we are and our understanding of the society in which we live in. In Hindi films there exits the hero and heroine, however gender hierarchy can be seen and importance is imposed on the male actor. One would agree that the Hindi film industry is male-centric, with limited space for females to be versatile in the character they play. The roles played by the heroine are the same guidelines seen within the Indian society. The Indian society is an influence to Bollywood and is what shapes and defines the roles played by females in films. The portrayal of women in Hindi films has been stable in correspondence to the norms and values contained by the Indian society. If the image [of women in the cinema] is submissive or secondary, it is the society who is responsible for it . . . filmmakers, keeping in min d the commercial aspect of films, simply highlight what exists (Prabhu 2001, 185). (6) India is known to be a hierarchal society, whether it is religion, northern or southern Indian all groups of people are ranked according to various qualities. Within gender hierarchy, men outrank women of the same or similar age, and senior relatives outrank junior relatives (1). This same concept is taken into the Hindi film industry where more emphasis is created on the male actor. From the beginning of the film process importance is on the male. For example within the internal aspects of film processing the second step is acquisition of leading male role and then followed by female acquisitions (class lecture). None the less, females are a priority in films; however their portrayals in films are steady and follow certain guidelines according to the roles played. Indian society has many norms and values, one being the role played by an individual in the society. In Indian society the dominant forms of patriarchal ideology how women are seen as subjected-as either the nurturing mother, the innocent wife, the vamp or the educated modern women. One or more forms of these roles are always portrayed in Hindi films. With these roles come specific characteristics that are viewed in the society which are then followed and expressed in Hindi films. For examples it known for an ideal women figures include passive, victimized, sacrificial, submissive, glorified, static, one-dimensional and resilient (3). These are the traits that are then brought into the film which not only reflect culture, but also shape culture. India is a religiously complex society with dominancy in the complex religion of Hinduism. In traditional Indian society there were definite and essential norm of behaviour that was usually passed down from the past. For example Sita, from the Hindu mythology of Ramayana was seen as ideal women, ideal wife as she was steadfastly loyal to her husband and obeys his wishes unquestionably (4).Hindi films have achieved this ideal of wifes self devotion. The Indian society is known to be restricted to strict rules and regulations which are to be followed by women. The moral of the Indian society states no independence in women and always is committed to her significant. For example a female in childhood is subjected to her father, in youth to her husband and after to her children. This interpretation of females can be seen in the film Mother India directed by Mehoob Khan. This film reveals the ideal characteristics of a mother played by Nargis. At the beginning of the movie it seen that sh e plays the typical role of a female who is married in an Indian traditional manner. The song Pi Ke Ghar Aaj Pyari Dulhaniya Chali is a significant with the line that states that it is a womens fate to leave home. This applies to the traditional moral of the female being passed on from the authority of the father to her husband who now she must be committed to. This is seen in the character. Dharma referring self-subsistence or a universal law or norm, which applies at the moral, the ritual and social level (5). This is another religious and mythological aspect that is inflicted upon women. This is also portrayed in the film through and expressed in the song Duniya Men Hum Aaye Hain. Here the lyrics in the song express that the only honour that a women has in her life is a womens dharma. In context of the movie it states that a women may overcome her struggles but with the conditions that are still expected with the role of a mother. After her husband leaving her she still has hope that he will return and keeps faith and raises her children on her own sacrificing whatever it takes from her. This shows the over stresses on the love for husband and the duties she has as a mother. It can be seen that in any case, in Indian society the first priority of females is to always keep in mind the norms and values placed on them as females. One may argue that these norms and values have changed within the Indian society with the progression of modernization. However, the lifestyle may have changed in roles of mothers, but the beliefs of the values and norms still exist. For example Kal Ho Na Ho directed by Nikhil Advani is a film set in New York with a modern setting. The role played by Jaya Bachchan shows similar characteristics of a mother which were portrayed by Nargis in Mother India. Jaya Bachchan, also a widowed female in the film experiences many difficulties due to her husband committing suicide. Even though the true reasoning behind the suicide is known by her, the blame is turned towards her by her mother-in-law. However, this does not stop her from being loyal to her husband as she stayed widowed and to the challenge to raise her children and show her devotee towards her husband. Throughout the film we see that she still supports her husband when people including her daughter talk negatively about him. Here she is also in the struggle of bringing her children up on her own and sacrifices all she has to raise them and keep them happy. In both Kal Ho Na Ho and Mother India the role of the mother can be seen to be dedicated with the qualities of self sacrifice, devotionally and religiously. If not seen as a traditional woman with traditional values, in Hindi films the female is then portrayed as the vamp or modernized women. Bollywood shows both the traditional and modernity of females, yet tends portrays the modern as immoral and favour the traditional aspects. The vamp is usually portrayed as morally dishonoured person and associated with everything that is disagreeable about the west (4). Again this is due to the norms and values seen in the Indian society. In this case women are seen as decorative objects and used for entertainment. Courtesan is another common role played by women which is attended for an arousing effect upon men. These types of roles are usually associated with protagonist character. The female is seen modern and revealing clothes and becomes an object of male desire. In many films with picturization of this role of female is usually seen to be glamorous and captures the females beauty in a sensual manner. An example of this is seen in the movie Sh olay directed by Ramesh   Sippy in the song Mehbooba Mehbooba. Here the female dancer appears very different from the other female lead roles. She is there for entertainment and to add glamour. Her clothes are revealing and she is used for the pleasure of the antagonist. A similar but slightly different scene is also seen in Kal Ho Na Ho with the song Its the time to disco. The difference in this song is that the lead female is in the song but is portrayed with a different characteristic that is not the usual in her role. Here Naina (Preity Zinta) is raised in New York but is a casual girl. This seen the her apparel as it is not revealing yet modernized. However, in the song a different perspective of her is seen when she gets drunk. Her clothes become more revealing and her actions are different. This is intended to show how a female may act when they go outside of their boundaries of the Indian society and the consequence of it. Jaswinder (Lilette Dubby) in the movie is would be seen as the vamp in the movie as her clothes are modish and she is flirty around men. Not only women who werent in traditional clothes seen as vamps. But those who didnt obey traditional rules. These would include who are adventurous, independent and values different norms. Thus, women commonly in Hindi films are either the modernized seductive role or the sophisticated tradition Indian women. There are many women in the Bombay film industry. Many have reacted with different opinions on how females are being portrayed. For example quoted from Ayesha Jhulka, an actress: You have to accept the fact that its a male-dominated industry. And you have to accept that basically heroes are given much more importance than the heroineSo its better to accept it and then carry on. You have your own place which nobody else can take. What you can do, the heroes probably cant do (7). Another opinion quoted by the actress Shabana Azmi: The one thing that hasnt changed only superficially I think, is in its portrayal of womenI think its a waste if you dont offer them and give them roles that are on par with their heroà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I think that would be very interesting, and basically do films that are pro-women (7). Lastly. Actress Ritha Bhaduri states: At the moment I think character roles have more to say than the female heroine, actressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦There are very few films that are wom en-oriented, or have a women dominating the whole thing (7). From these opinions of several actresses it can be conclude that many actresses are aware of the stereotypical roles given to women in Hindi films. The do feel that there isnt much importance strained on them, but also know that a film without a complementing female role with the male would not make much progress. Even though role of females are driven by the aspects in the Indian society, actresses have continued to accept the roles and play them according. As stated previously the main cause for this orientation is due to what takes place in the society. As the Indian society makes different progression a change in female roles in Hindi films will also be seen. In conclusion, the female roles played in Hindi film are very restricted and do not have space for variety. Either they are seen as objects to add glamour and entertainment to the film or they are portrayed with important roles such as mothers but with general Indian societal values that come with that role. Endnotes: http://www.heinonline.org.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/HOL/Page?men_tab=srchresultshandle=hein.cow/cowcs0040id=295size=2collection=cowterms=women|womens|Women|Womenstermtype=phraseset_as_cursor=#287 Class lecture http://www.saswat.com/blog/women_journalists_bollywood.html https://moodle10.yorku.ca/moodle/file.php/12062/Readings/Women_in_Indian_Cinema0001.pdf https://moodle10.yorku.ca/moodle/file.php/12062/Readings/Cinema_and_Society_in_India0001.pdf http://www.nzasia.org.nz/downloads/NZJAS-%20Dec07/02Booth6.pdf http://books.google.ca/books?hl=enlr=id=GTEa93azj9ECoi=fndpg=PP8dq=portrayal+of+women+in+popular+hindi+filmsots=OkbhSM0gfBsig=nPH6-uJz2wCft5FsivGe-opdg1c#v=onepageq=portrayal%20of%20women%20in%20popular%20hindi%20filmsf=false http://www.englishforums.com/English/PleaseEditEssayBollywoodFilms/dxklq/post.htm http://saswat.com/articles/bollywomen.htm http://www.questia.com/PM.qst;jsessionid=1460AF79FA0D92C0202D67F85883F2D5.inst3_3b?a=od=98736980gserror=true Portrayal of women in Bollywood then, now and in the  past. http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Changing-Face-of-Women-In-Indian-Cinemaid=87034 http://books.google.ca/books?hl=enlr=id=Alk5iwv1y_MCoi=fndpg=PA146dq=general+gender+hierarchy+ots=8nq76NqH2Osig=VTnkZoje6Xd2i6c6GRTH9u123Eo#v=onepageq=general%20gender%20hierarchyf=false http://books.google.ca/books?hl=enlr=id=kfVdxiSm-aYCoi=fndpg=PR7dq=hidden+messages+in+hindi+song+filmsots=yS1CgltbAHsig=zc15PBYPSwopVvlpkUpomMBDbT8#v=onepageqf=false http://books.google.ca/books?hl=enlr=id=cgDHFFe7YM8Coi=fndpg=PA191dq=themes+in+hindi+filmsots=Mq6lmD7Dedsig=kli9MXI-zSzX8CPBq7DKU0VkGxk#v=onepageq=themes%20in%20hindi%20filmsf=false http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1996.00173.x/abstract